Explore Ankara’s Citadel: A Journey Through History
If you're planning a trip to Türkiye's capital, Ankara, one destination you can't miss is the Citadel, known as Hisar. Nestled in the center of the city, the Citadel stands tall and majestic, offering a blend of rich history and modern life. Visible from almost anywhere in Ankara, this ancient fortress has been a symbol of the city for over 3000 years, with its roots going back to the Hittite era. It’s one of the most important historical landmarks you can explore when visiting the capital.
A journey through time: The history of Ankara’s Citadel
The history surrounding the Citadel is as impressive as the structure itself. Although the exact construction date remains unknown, the fortress is believed to have existed since the 5th century B.C. Over time, it has witnessed the rule of numerous civilizations, each adding its unique touch. The Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans all played a part in shaping the Citadel, making it a true testament to Ankara’s layered past.
The outer walls, featuring more than 20 towers, were built in the 9th century under Byzantine Emperor Michael II.
The inner walls, however, are even older, dating back to the 600s. Entering through the Finger Gate (Parmak Kapısı), also called the Clock Gate (Saatli Kapı), you'll pass by the striking white octagonal tower with its public clock, stepping into a world where ancient Turkish village life blends seamlessly with the vibrant capital.
Architectural marvel and scenic views
Once inside, you're transported to a world that hasn't changed for centuries. With its cobblestone streets, ancient houses, and preserved authenticity, the Citadel area feels like a step back in time. Walk up the concrete stairs to the Eastern Tower (Şark Kulesi), also known as Ak Kale (White Fortress), and you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views of Ankara—a perfect spot for photos and quiet reflection.
The Citadel is not just an ancient fortress as its surrounded by a wealth of historical and cultural landmarks that make for a rich exploration of Ankara's past.
As you wander the nearby streets, particularly Gözcü Sokak, you'll come across several must-visit sites. One of the highlights is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, just a short walk west along Kale Kapısı Street, showcasing 7500 years of history with artifacts from Türkiye's ancient past. Right across from it, the Museum of Words (Kelime Müzesi), opened in 2022, offers a fascinating exploration of the Turkish language. For a deeper dive into Türkiye's technological heritage, head east on Gözcü Sokak to the Çengel Han Rahmi M. Koç Museum, an industrial museum that’s worth your time.
Continuing east, you’ll reach the Ahi Serafettin Mosque and Tomb, a 13th-century architectural gem.
Another nearby highlight is the Hacı Bayram Velii Mosque, a beautifully restored site close to the Citadel. This mosque offers a peaceful atmosphere, especially at sunset, making it a perfect spot to end your day of exploring Ankara’s historic core.
Perfect itinerary for visiting Ankara’s Citadel
To make the most of your day, start with a traditional Turkish breakfast in Hamamönü, a charming neighborhood in Altındağ known for its cozy streets and authentic ambiance. After fueling up, take a leisurely walk up Divan Sokak to reach the Citadel.
After exploring the fortress and taking in the stunning views, head down Kale Kapısı Street to visit the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. For a relaxing end to your day, stroll over to the Hacı Bayram Velii Mosque as the sun sets, and unwind at one of the nearby cafés with a cup of Turkish tea or coffee.
How to get there
The Citadel is located on a hill, so walking up may require some effort. If you'd prefer not to walk, you can easily catch a taxi that will take you directly to the entrance. For public transportation, take the Kızılay-Batıkent Metro and get off at Ulus station—from there, it’s a 15-minute walk to the Citadel.
Source: Ego Genel Müdürlüğü
When to visit
The Citadel is open daily from 8 am to 5 pm, making it a convenient stop during your stay in Ankara. Plan to visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and to experience the sunset views from the top of the fortress.
Ankara’s Citadel offers an unforgettable blend of history, architecture, and culture.
Whether you're a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply someone looking to explore the heart of Türkiye's capital, this iconic landmark has something for everyone. Be sure to add it to your Ankara itinerary for an enriching and unique experience.
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