Everything You Need to Know About Hagia Sophia: Istanbul’s Timeless Landmark
Adorning the skyline of Istanbul and being the intersection point of religions, empires and cultures throughout history, Hagia Sophia is not only a building but also one of the most important symbols of human history. With over 1500 years of history, architectural genius and artistic richness, Hagia Sophia offers a unique experience to its visitors. In this article, we will take a closer look at this unique structure of Istanbul and examine its historical transformation, architectural features, visiting rules and current information in detail. So, why is Hagia Sophia special? How to visit the Hagia Sophia? Is Hagia Sophia a museum? And how to visit the Hagia Sophia? Let's explore together 👇
Istanbul: The Meeting Point of Civilizations
Istanbul has been home to many civilizations throughout history with its unique location connecting the continents of Asia and Europe. The capital of the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, this city fascinates its visitors with its cultural richness and historical texture. Hagia Sophia is one of the most important symbols of this rich heritage.
The History of Hagia Sophia: From Church to Mosque, from Museum to Mosque Again
First Construction: Byzantine Period
Hagia Sophia was first built in 360 during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Constantine II as a basilica with a wooden roof. However, this structure was destroyed during a revolt in 404. The second structure was built in 415 by Emperor Theodosius II, but was destroyed during the Nika Revolt in 532. The present Hagia Sophia was built by Emperor Justinian I between 532-537.
Ottoman Period Conversion to a Mosque
In 1453, with the conquest of Istanbul, Mehmed the Conqueror converted Hagia Sophia into a mosque. During this period, minarets were added to the building and the interior was decorated with Islamic motifs. Hagia Sophia served as a mosque until 1931.
Republican Era: Conversion to a Museum and Mosque
In 1935, Hagia Sophia was opened to visitors as a museum. However, on July 10, 2020, its museum status was cancelled by the decision of the Council of State, and as of July 24, 2020, it was reopened for worship as a mosque.
Architectural Features of Hagia Sophia
General Structure
Hagia Sophia measures 100×70 meters and has an interior area of approximately 7500 m². It is a two-story building with a total of 107 columns: 40 on the lower floor and 67 on the upper floor.
Dome and Carrier System
The most striking element of the building is its huge dome, 31 meters in diameter and 55.6 meters high. This dome is supported by four large buttresses and half domes. The 40 windows under the dome provide natural light to the interior and create a mystical atmosphere.
Materials and Decorations
The columns and marbles used in the construction of Hagia Sophia were brought from various regions of Anatolia and the Mediterranean. Columns brought from ancient cities such as Ephesus, Baalbek and Tarsus added to the richness of the building.
Mosaics and Islamic Decorations
The interior of Hagia Sophia is decorated with gold mosaics from the Byzantine period. These mosaics depict the figures of Jesus, Mary, saints and emperors. During the Ottoman period, these mosaics were covered with plaster and the mihrab, minbar and calligraphy plates were added to the building.
Visit Information: Entrance Fees and Rules
Visiting Hours
Hagia Sophia is open to visitors from morning prayer. However, it may be closed for short periods during cleaning and prayer hours. The upper gallery floor is open to visitors between 09:00-19:00 during the summer season.
Entrance Fees (2025)
- Mosque Main Area Free of charge
Upper Gallery Floor:
Turkish citizens: 850 TL
Foreign visitors: 25 Euro
Fast Pass Ticket: Extra 300 TL
Note: MuseumCard is not valid for Hagia Sophia entrances.
The Rules
Dress Code
Visitors should wear clothing that covers the shoulders and knees. Female visitors must cover their heads. Sleeveless tops, short skirts and shorts are not appropriate.
Other Rules
Visitors must remain quiet inside, and no flash photography is allowed.
Food and beverage consumption is prohibited.
Cell phones must be silenced and used only in authorised areas.
Tips for Visiting Hagia Sophia
Crowdedness: There may be crowds, especially on weekends and religious holidays.
Guided Tours: You can join guided tours to get more detailed information.
Neighbourhood Attractions: During your visit, you can also visit nearby historical sites such as the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace and Basilica Cistern.
Hagia Sophia is not only a place of worship, but also one of the most important cultural heritages in human history. Discovering the history and architecture of this unique building during your visit is a unique opportunity to witness the rich past of Istanbul.
For more information and to purchase tickets, please visit the Hagia Sophia Official Website.
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