The Time When the Body Burns Fat Most Actively Has Been Identified
Rather than being stored, some fats in our body are burned and converted into heat, and this combustion does not occur at the same rate throughout the day. A new study led by the University of Copenhagen has demonstrated that these fat cells adjust the amount of fat they will burn based on the time of day, the temperature of the environment, and dietary intake.
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This adjustment is made by a single protein in fat cells.
This tissue, known as brown fat, unlike ordinary fat, does not store energy but burns it and converts it into heat. Researchers have discovered a protein in this tissue whose function has been unknown until now. This protein, akin to a button, can be activated by three distinct signals: the body's internal clock, cold air, and fat intake from food.
The lead author of the study, Associate Professor Zach Gerhart-Hines, stated that the body's clock, responses to temperature, and nutrition are usually considered separate systems. What surprised his team was the convergence of all three in a single protein.
Fat burning dips to its lowest level during sleep, then picks up again as you approach waking.
While you're asleep, another protein, tied to your body's internal clock, acts as a brake, keeping this button switched off. As wake-up time approaches, the brake is released, and brown fat starts working again.
The body's internal clock is a roughly 24-hour cycle operating in almost every cell. It's this clock that causes body temperature, hormones, and metabolism to fluctuate rather than remain constant throughout the day.
Neither a cold morning nor a greasy meal waits for this hour.
When the weather turns chilly, the brake, regardless of the time of day, is immediately released. Thus, the body can set aside its own program when it needs to warm up.
The fat consumed through food also triggers the same mechanism. In mice fed with a ketogenic diet, composed of more than 90% fat, the gene producing this protein became the second most active gene in brown fat. Fasting also increased the level of this protein.
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