All 36 Ottoman Sultans in Order: From Osman I to Mehmed VI
The Ottoman state was founded by Osman Gazi of the Kayı branch of the Oghuz Turks and lasted from the end of the 13th century until 1922. In that time 36 sultans sat on the throne. The sultan stood at the top of the military, political and legal order, and his decrees were known as fermans. After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 the sultans also saw themselves as heirs to the Roman Empire and took the title Kayser-i Rûm. Here is the full list, period by period.
Note: dates for the earliest reigns differ slightly between sources.
The founding era: from a small principality to the conquest of Istanbul.
Osman I (Osman Gazi) – c. 1299–1324
Orhan Gazi – c. 1324–1362
Murad I (Murad Hüdavendigar) – 1362–1389
Bayezid I (Yıldırım Bayezid) – 1389–1402
Mehmed I (Çelebi Mehmed) – 1413–1421
Murad II – 1421–1444 and 1446–1451
Between 1402 and 1413 there was no single sultan: Bayezid I's sons fought each other for the throne in the period known as the Interregnum.
The rise: the empire reaches its peak under a handful of famous rulers.
Mehmed II (Fatih Sultan Mehmed, 'the Conqueror') – 1444–1446 and 1451–1481
Bayezid II – 1481–1512
Selim I (Yavuz Sultan Selim) – 1512–1520
Süleyman I (Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, 'the Magnificent') – 1520–1566
Selim II – 1566–1574
Murad III – 1574–1595
Mehmed III – 1595–1603
Mehmed II took Istanbul in 1453, while Süleyman I ruled for 46 years, the longest reign in Ottoman history.
The 17th century: short reigns, palace struggles and a few comebacks.
Ahmed I – 1603–1617
Mustafa I – 1617–1618 and 1622–1623
Osman II (Genç Osman) – 1618–1622
Murad IV – 1623–1640
İbrahim – 1640–1648
Mehmed IV – 1648–1687
Süleyman II – 1687–1691
Ahmed II – 1691–1695
Mustafa II – 1695–1703
Ahmed III – 1703–1730
Mahmud I – 1730–1754
Osman III – 1754–1757
Mustafa III – 1757–1774
Abdülhamid I – 1774–1789
The last sultans: reform, upheaval and the end of the sultanate in 1922.
Selim III – 1789–1807
Mustafa IV – 1807–1808
Mahmud II – 1808–1839
Abdülmecid I – 1839–1861
Abdülaziz – 1861–1876
Murad V – May to August 1876
Abdülhamid II – 1876–1909
Mehmed V Reşad – 1909–1918
Mehmed VI Vahdeddin – 1918–1922
Murad V's reign lasted only about three months, the shortest on the list. Mehmed VI Vahdeddin was the 36th and last Ottoman sultan; the sultanate was abolished in 1922.
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